http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1468 Sat, 25 May 2013 15:42:05 GMT 2013-05-25T15:42:05Z http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1660 Why do Reginans feel safe in “Canada’s Worst Neighbourhood”? McIntyre, Amanda; Brand, John; Guest, Maegan; Partyka, Jamie; Relkey, Kristen; Scott, Craig; Tyminski, Nathan; Will, Natasha A recent article in a popular news magazine cites Regina as home to Canada’s worst neighbourhood, portraying the city as dangerous and overrun by violent crime. Whether or not this portrayal is fair, Regina in fact typically ranks among the cities with the highest rates of homicide and violent offences in the country. In Regina, however, the article was met with surprise and disbelief, with residents asserting that their city is safer than larger centres such as Toronto and Vancouver. Thus, there appears to be a large disparity between actual and perceived rates of crime in Regina. To understand the source of this discrepancy, 54 Reginans estimated the relative frequency of crime in their own city in comparison to five other Canadian cities. They also estimated the proportion of instances of three crimes in five areas of Regina. The results showed that Reginans were generally aware of the city’s reputation for high crime, estimating its crime rates among the highest of the cities surveyed. Nevertheless, Regina’s perceived crime rates were much lower than actual rates, and Regina was ranked as the safest of the six cities. Rates were underestimated for cities participants were most familiar with (Edmonton and Winnipeg) and overestimated for cities with the largest populations (Toronto and Vancouver). Additionally, Reginans overestimated the proportion of crime taking place in North Central and Downtown, areas with relatively small populations. Taken together, the results suggest that crime perceptions are distorted by cognitive biases, specifically base-rate neglect and self-serving bias. Despite its high crime rate, Reginans generally feel their city is safe. We investigated the source of this discrepancy and found evidence to suggest it arises from several well-known cognitive biases. Poster presented at the 3rd Graduate Students' Research Conference, April 2008. Tue, 01 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1660 2008-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1659 Identifying women with low bone mass: A systematic review of screening tools McLeod, Katherine M.; Johnson, Shanthi Purpose: Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the method of choice for detecting low bone mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fracture; however, DXA is costly and not widely available. Several screening tools have been developed to identify women with increased risk, who would most benefit from DXA screening, based on an evaluation of risk factors associated with osteoporosis. This study assessed the effectiveness of osteoporosis risk factor screening tools in determining postmenopausal women at risk of developing osteoporosis. Methods: Appropriate databases and sources of primary studies were identified. A systematic review of the literature using a comprehensive search strategy was employed and all citations were stored. Exclusion criteria were established, final selected articles were coded. Study characteristics were tabulated and comparisons of effectiveness were made followed by discussion of limitations and conclusions of the review. Results: The systematic review revealed 10 different screening tools. Of these, six were included after quality assessment. Conclusions: The screening tools reviewed are useful in identifying postmenopausal Caucasian women in need of DXA screening. Performance was relatively consistent for all screening tools regardless of the number of risk factors used, but for clinicians and researchers, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST) is the simplest approach to determine individuals at risk of osteoporosis. There is still a need for further validation of screening instruments in both men and ethnicities other than Caucasian. Experiences with the systematic review process as well as the use of screening tools will be highlighted. A systematic review was performed assessing the effectiveness of osteoporosis risk factor screening tools in determining postmenopausal women at risk of developing osteoporosis. Performance was relatively consistent for all screening tools regardless of the number of risk factors used, but for clinicians and researchers, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST) is the simplest approach to determine individuals at risk of osteoporosis. Poster presented at the 3rd Graduate Students' Research Conference, April 2008. Tue, 01 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1659 2008-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1658 Skating Carnivals and Club Bulletin Boards: Values at a glance? Mills, Cathy As a participant, parent, or observer bulletin boards and trophy cases are commonplace in skating arenas. Who appears on the bulletin board? Are all participants showcased equally? Similarly, many figure skating clubs hold a year end skating carnival to showcase the club’s skaters and finish up the skating season. Who receives a solo in the club carnival? Few stop to consider the meanings that may be inferred from these objects and ceremonies. Studying organizational culture attempts to explore an organization in depth thus gaining an understanding of how people interpret the meanings of the environment around them (Martin, 2002). Schein (1992) explores organizational culture through three levels: artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions. The various levels represent an increasing depth of understanding the culture of the organization. Artifacts, such as bulletin boards and club carnivals, are the visible manifestations of the culture and may give insight into organizational values. The purpose of this study was to understand the values of a figure skating club as seen through artifacts. Data were collected through systematic observations of the home club lobby and year end skating carnival. Results showed that skating ability and accomplishments were a dominant value at this club. Skaters with significant achievements throughout the year were highlighted on bulletin boards and received solos in the carnival. Potential implications of this dominant value on club development will be presented. Bulletin Boards and Carnivals which are commonplace at figure skating clubs may give insight into the club values. What messages are they sending to club participants? Poster presented at the 3rd Graduate Students' Research Conference, April 2008. Tue, 01 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1658 2008-04-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1657 The Relationship between the 2D:4D Ratio and Emotional Abilities in Adults with Attention/Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Morhart, Heidi; Tottenham, Laurie Sykes Emotional recognition is an essential component of interpersonal relationships. Recent research has suggested that high prenatal androgen exposure is later associated with impaired social and emotional skills in children and adults. Related to this, a separate area of research has found that individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) demonstrate impaired processing of social and emotional information compared to matched samples of non-ADHD controls. Further, both attentional and emotional abilities have shared neural correlates. Of these shared regions some are known to be sexually dimorphic in adult men and women. In addition, research employing animal models has shown these regions to contain high densities of sex hormone receptors during early development. This study will examine whether emotional and social abilities are related to prenatal testosterone (T) exposure in a sample of adults diagnosed with ADHD. T exposure will be estimated using the 2D:4D ratio (ratio between the length of the index and ring fingers). This ratio is typically higher in females, suggesting a relatively low prenatal T exposure, and lower in males, suggesting a relatively high prenatal T exposure. Participants will be given numerous measures assessing social and emotional abilities, including a series of self-report questionnaires, a facial emotion recognition task, and an auditory emotion recognition task. It is predicted that individuals with ADHD will have lower 2D:4D ratios and lower scores on the social and emotional ability measures in comparison to our control sample of non-ADHD individuals. The examination of social and emotional abilities and its relation to high prenatal androgen exposure in a sample of adults diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder. Poster presented at the 3rd Graduate Students' Research Conference, April 2008. Tue, 01 Apr 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10294/1657 2008-04-01T00:00:00Z