Evaluation of a chemical dissolved air flotation system for the treatment of restaurant dishwasher effluents

Date
2017-02
Authors
Wu, Wanpeng
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Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina
Abstract

Large quantities of fresh water are consumed by restaurant dishwashers every day, producing significant amounts of high strength oily wastewater in the process. An internationally patented chemical dissolved air flotation (DAF) system (Young and Munoz, 2012) was evaluated in this research to determine if it was capable of reclaiming restaurant dishwasher effluents (RDEs) in a cost-effective and reliable manner. Different chemicals and process conditions used in chemical DAF were evaluated. Dimethylame P/W epichorohydrin (Polymer 572), a cationic polymer, was determined to be the optimal demulsifier among eight demulsifiers tested. Influent and effluent water quality was evaluated in terms of oil concentration, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and total solids. Removal efficiencies were evaluated at demulsifier doses ranging from 0 to 0.40 mg/L, at alum concentrations ranging from 0 to 250 mg/L, and at pH ranging from 4.5 to 10. A Polymer 572 dose = 0.10 mg/L at an alum concentration = 200 mg/L and pH = 9, yielded optimal results for the treatment of RDEs. Under these conditions, removal efficiencies as high as 95.6%, 94.6%, 73.0%, 94.4%, and 52.5% were achieved for oil, turbidity, COD, BOD5, and total solids, respectively. Residual oil, COD, BOD5, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and turbidity were 23.2, 188, 25.3, 9.03, 3.91, 5.12 mg/L, and 10.5 NTU, respectively. Total suspended solids were below the Canadian Guideline for Reclaimed Water Use in Toilet and Urinal Flushing (Environment Canada, 2006). However, BOD residual prohibited direct reuse. The results also indicated that Polymer 572 could be used in the chemical DAF system without requiring any pH adjustment. The present findings suggest that the use of Polymer 572 was able to overcome many of the drawbacks of alum as a chemical demulsifier for the treatment of RDEs. The chemical DAF remains a viable pretreatment option for RDEs and an effective method for removing major contaminants, particularly oil, which is difficult to remove using other methods.

Description
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Environmental Systems Engineering, University of Regina. xii, 74 p.
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