Numerical Evaluation of Various Well Control Methods with Emphasis on Application in Managed Pressure Drilling Operation

Date
2020-09
Authors
Flores Barriguette, Edgar Alexis
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Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Regina
Abstract

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) is a modified drilling process designed to accurately manage the annular pressures of the wellbore with a combination of surface back pressure (SBP), flow rate and drilling mud density. MPD is designed to identify and circulate out kicks (uncontrolled flow of formation fluids into the wellbore) that possess blowout risk. Since MPD allows fast changes in the bottom hole pressure, the reaction to an undesirable inflow is not automatically to shut in the well and increase the density of the mud which is the well control procedure in conventional drilling. This feature of MPD can aid in lowering the non-productive time (NPT) as well as drilling related problems such as stuck pipe that results from well control operations. The objective of this research is to compare and evaluate the current conventional and MPD well control methods for gas kicks in a deepwater well. A total of seven well control methods are chosen from literature and subjected to an effectiveness criterion such as total time to control and circulate the kick, maximum pressures imposed on surface equipment and whether each well control method resulted in fracturing the formation at the casing shoe. Two different kick volumes (2 bbl and 10 bbl) with two different values of formation permeability (10 mD and 500 mD) and three different kick intensities (0.1 ppge, 0.5 ppge, 1.0 ppge) are chosen for kick scenarios in this study. The kick scenarios are selected to resemble realistic events that occur during drilling operations. In this study, only kicks resulting from drilling into a higher-pressure zone than expected are subjected to analysis. Drillbench™ Dynamic Well Control simulator, is used in this research. A model validation, in terms of drilling hydraulics and rising gas velocities in the annuli, is included in this study to verify the reliability of the software’s output. The validation is carried out using analytical relations and experimental correlations obtained from literature. The Bingham Plastic fluid model is used in the drilling hydraulics validation and the correlations suggested by Caetano (1985) and Hassan and Kabir (1992) are used for the verification of rising gas velocity in the annular space. In general, validation results show a reasonable agreement with the software’s output. The results of 84 simulations showed that in the scenarios with low permeability, with both kick volumes and with the three different kick intensities, MPD well control methods were able to reduce the total well control time by more than 50% compared to the driller’s method. ii Furthermore, in the same scenarios with high permeability, the MPD methods outperformed the driller’s method in terms of time to stop the kick as well as maximum pressures imposed on surface equipment. The MPD well control method that combines Qin-SBP increments shows to have better results in terms of the total time to control and circulate the kick as well as lower imposed pressures in the casing shoe and surface equipment. This study can be used as a basis for further research in well control with MPD, with more attention to the method of combining Qin-SBP to stop the kick. Finally, this research can be used as a guide to determine the best combination of well control practices for wells with similar characteristics of the well studied in this thesis.

Description
A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Petroleum Systems Engineering, University of Regina. xiv, 194 p.
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